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Refined NMR conformers are obtained from simulated annealing runs and energy minimization (Brünger, 1991a, b) over the detailed potential surface defined by the target function (Schwieters et al. 2003) that comprise both the empirical force field and NMR restraint-derived penalty terms (Yang et al. 2007).
As mentioned earlier, tradeoff between solution robustness and model robustness can be derived by penalty parameter ( gamma ). Figure 1 illustrates the effects of the penalty function on the expected value of efficiency of DMUs.
We also derive the gain penalties of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the partial recovery of the incoming laser phase to verify the appropriateness of the new combining method in mitigating laser phase noise.
The derived crosstalk penalties are in excellent agreement with those obtained from experiments.
We also estimate the relative valuation of the different time component values (walking, waiting and in-vehicle) of trips including a transfer, and also derived the penalties users assign to trips that require transferring at intermodal stations during the morning peak hour.
Fixed point equations are derived for each penalty function and the benefits of the estimators are illustrated in regularized discriminant analysis problem.
The quality of each potential model was evaluated using a penalized logarithm of odds (LOD) score that balances model fit and model complexity by subtracting a penalty derived from the permutation tests for each additional QTL or QTL QTL interaction present in the model.
2D permutation tests of 1000 reps were run using haley-knott regression; these results were used to derive the penalties used in stepwiseqtl analyses.
To systematically vary the attributes of the chamber interior space, a unified multiphase modeling approach that allows continuous variations between the three-phase materials within the same implementation is employed with an elaborately-derived penalty parameters of material interpolation functions.
These penalty kicks, however, all derived from the same penalty.
The "Full" column of Table 6 is the wage penalties derived from the Full specification of Table 5.
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