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These different perspectives have far-reaching consequences, because the picture that is derived of alcohol dependence is very different depending on the researcher's or policy maker's orientation.
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Showcards were developed and used as a reference for respondents to visualise a standard drink size and standard drinks were also estimated for locally derived forms of alcohol.
We excluded female breast cancer, for which no excess risk from alcohol has been shown in Chinese studies [ 8, 9], and derived the RRs of alcohol drinking and cancer of esophagus [ 10], colorectum [ 11], and liver [ 12] from meta-analysis studies in China.
The overall cascade was optimized with respect to pH, O2 pressure, substrate concentration, decomposition of H2O2 (derived from alcohol oxidation), NADH regeneration, and biocatalyst ratio.
Intoxication by some alcohols, including ethanol [ 73, 80], methanol, [ 83], and propylene glycol [ 75, 84] induces anion gap acidosis associated with L-lactic acidosis and accumulation of anions derived from alcohol metabolism, including ketone bodies (ethanol), formate (methanol), D-lactate (propylene glycol), and oxalate (ethylene glycol) [ 85, 86].
Aqueous phase processing of biomass derived sugar alcohols is one of the promising routes to convert biomass into fuels and chemicals.
WHO (2000) has recommended that alcohol use among populations be monitored using reliable estimates of per capita alcohol consumption derived from alcohol sales data, in addition to monitoring through population surveys of alcohol use.
We had information on different dimensions of social position and were able to derive multiple measures of alcohol use and problem use.
To consider both the level and pattern of consumption, we used pooled alcohol consumption data from the ESENSE 1, ESENSE 2 and SENSE trials to derive mean levels of alcohol consumption per day, per HDD and the mean number of HDDs per month for each DRL (table 4).
Spectra of cell walls lignified with normal monolignols or monolignols plus feruloylquinic acid both contained only correlations of guaiacyl units (derived from coniferyl alcohol) and syringyl units (derived from sinapyl alcohol); the absence of ferulate correlations in the latter spectrum suggests that feruloylquinic acid was not incorporated into wall bound lignin.
On the basis of these findings, the IARC working group rated acetaldehyde derived from alcohol intake as a group I carcinogen.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com