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The derived loss function and empirical parameters are then applied to estimate soil moisture in the last fifth or sixth year at each site.
For example, "suppression of external segmentation" is no longer seen as a novel character for Onychophora because a lack of external segmentation of the trunk in Cambrian lobopodians and onychophorans is a primitive feature rather than a derived loss.
A medullary spongy layer may also be present since white plumage ornaments have evolved from structural blue feathers as a result of derived loss of the underlying melanin deposition (at least in manakins Lepidothrix spp. [6]; see also [66] for a case of amelanism).
Our analysis of GATA gene structure also suggests a derived loss or modification of the second (2ZF) and third (3'CD) exon boundary in many of the arthropod GATA homologs.
Two derived features of the C. intestinalis genome are the presence of gene duplication events not detected in vertebrates, and the derived loss of ancestral genes that are conserved in chordates (e.g. paralogy of the Hox groups 7, 8 and 9) [ 14].
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Combining results of this survey of 84 D. pulex clones with those of our previous study (Li et al. 2009) reveals that polymorphisms at 7 loci have arisen through derived losses of an intron present in all sampled outgroup species (supplementary figs. S74 S77, Supplementary Material online).
Here we are interested in deriving losses in SAP sensitivity from OCT images so that these derived SAP values can be compared to those directly measured.
Optical and electrical losses are quantified and individual loss components are derived for loss mechanisms of small area radial (radius = 1 mm) pie-shaped six-segment GaAs MIM laser power converter.
Antagonism between tara and dom is consistent with our observation that loss of tara suppresses the wing nicking derived from loss of dom.
We demonstrate that evolutionarily derived sleep loss is conserved in adult cavefish and distinct evolutionary paths and genetic mechanisms underlie sleep loss and enhanced sensory responsiveness.
It is likely that core formation resulted in the escape of an original primitive atmosphere and its replacement by one derived from loss of volatile substances from Earth's interior.
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