This chapter illustrates the example of the classical pendulum as a mathematical model derived, grounded in, and verified against experimental results, and the process of obtaining qualitative information about its behavior.
During a comprehensive earthquake disaster mitigation study in the Kathmandu Valley (JICA and MoHA 2002), the GMPE developed by Boore et al. (1997) for western North American earthquakes was used, mainly because this GMPE accurately described the derived ground-motion data for the Ms 6.6 Udayapur earthquake that occurred in the eastern part of Nepal.
Using these derived ground-truth estimates, Figure 2 shows, again, a similar bias pattern to what is observable with simulated data (Fig. 1).
TAPM is an air pollution modelling package, validated for this use, which integrated stack emission data with meteorological, soil type and terrain data to derive ground level concentrations.
Recent attempts to derive ground state hESCs have utilised combinations of ectopic transgene expression, growth factors and inhibitors to modulate signalling pathways (Chan et al., 2013; Gafni et al., 2013; Takashima et al., 2014; Theunissen et al., 2014).
The accuracies shown in the table are derived from ground calibration experiments, described in "Ground calibration" section.
Results of comparisons indicate an earlier, although not consistently, satellite-derived green-up than bud break derived from ground observations.
Each subject was tested in average 10 ± 2 times for calculating kinetics parameters derived from ground reaction forces.
Levee geometric parameters (levee crown width, height and water and landside slopes) were extracted from 0.5 m resolution LiDAR derived digital ground models.
The calibration spectra from the 55Fe radioactive isotopes obtained from C1XS while in the lunar orbit, are used to validate the response matrix derived on ground.
