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These features of the Burkholderia SAR-1 metagenome suggested that it may have derived from sample contamination [2] and illustrate that great care must be taken in sampling DNA to ensure that the organisms observed in metagenomic datasets are truly representative of the environment being studied [1].
Typically, thinning is applied at the stand level using prescriptions derived from sample plots that ignore variability in tree sizes and location within stands.
An important benefit of the CT approach is that it is possible to distinguish scatter derived from the sample and that derived from sample holders/reaction chambers; this is demonstrated in Supplementary Fig. S3 where we see that the glass cell is clearly spatially distinguished from the sample.
Small angle scattering techniques, combined with complementary methods, provide an efficient approach to characterise plant cell walls, covering a broad and relevant size range while minimising experimental artefacts derived from sample treatment.
However, sample scenarios with few sample units of large area provided more precise abundance estimates than abundance estimates derived from sample scenarios with many sample units of small area.
Nevertheless, isobaric interferences derived from sample matrix and laboratory environment can hinder the quantitative determination of both phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) as 31P+ and 32S+ by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) under standard plasma conditions.
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Such information can be derived from samples obtained by drilling into the rock formation in which the coal occurs.
Most available data on quantities and characteristics of buoyant ocean plastic are derived from samples collected with small sea surface trawls initially developed to collect neustonic plankton27.
They are derived from samples of the broader population — groups that may be as small as a couple hundred people.
The mathematical models of probability theory enable us to make predictions about certain mass phenomena from the necessarily incomplete information derived from sampling techniques.
However, lower accuracy exposure data derived from sampling survey and remote sensing can still provide a comparative overview of estimated loss.
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