Demand equations are derived from a Stone Geary utility maximization problem, the solution of which follows hierarchical steps.
For the latter three groups (end-users), demand is derived from a nested CES utility function with five levels.
These utilities were derived from a previous study that measured utility in influenza[ 12].
The disutility of experiencing an AIDS-indicator disease was derived from a meta-analysis of utility estimates in HIV-infected patients (Table 2) [31].
The EQ-5D is a descriptive instrument that describes the health status of a patient and can be used to obtain an indirect estimate of utility by employing utility tariffs derived from a large scale lay population sample using the TTO method (Dolan et al, 1997) [ 11].
Power allocation is used to maximize sum utility derived from a wireless network operation to yield throughput optimal, fair, and energy-efficient communications.
Although utility data derived from a pediatric population is the preferred option when modeling populations of children and adolescents, changing the utility values associated with no influenza, influenza, or MSW should not affect the overall conclusion (eg, more QALYs generated with LAIV).
The extent to which current results may differ from utilities derived from a nationally representative sample in the US, UK, or any other country is not known.
Although utilities derived from a UK population as well as a study of time spent in a given health state would more accurately reflect the morbidity associated with cancer, CIN and warts, this information has yet to be published.
Each combination of responses has an associated utility value derived from a representative sample of the UK public, indexed between 0 (dead) and 1 (full health); health states with negative utilities are valued worse than death.
The utility weights derived from a heterogeneous general population and applied to a patient population may be less precise to detect differences across cultures.
