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The part of the Earth system comprising all ecosystems and living organisms in the atmosphere, on land (terrestrial biosphere), or in the oceans (marine biosphere), including derived dead organic matter such as litter, soil organic matter, and oceanic detritus.
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They also detected large amount of "free DNA" derived from dead cells that gave false-positive results.
Similarly, the equations can be derived for dead oligomer formation for i = 2 10 1 v d D i d t = r 4, i + r 5, i (16).
Chloroform is toxic towards soil microbial communities, and, due to the death and lysis of soil microbes, the presence of additional metabolic carbon derived by dead cells resulted in a significant increase of respired CO2 from soil [29].
Alternatively, the possibility that the Oxa-51 DNA detected in these samples was derived from dead or degraded bacteria rather than viable bacteria can not be completely ruled out.
Besides, we found that 30.8% of the cells obtained from MLNs of galectin-3−/− mice presented an abnormal DNA content, suggesting hyperploidy or the presence of a large amount of aggregates of nuclei derived from dead cells (Figure 6A and 6B, in M5).
From this analysis, we conclude that the HASPB detected in the supernatant fractions was not derived from dead parasites but rather, was released from live organisms.
Chromatin structures derived from dead cells are found deposited as EDSs in glomerular membranes in lupus kidneys, where they co-localize with deposited autoantibodies [ 4].
Also, in CM of both cell lines some receptors like EGFR, IL2RA, were detected presumably shed into the CM or derived from dead cells.
We could easily detect the DNA junctional fragment in filtered cell culture medium, suggesting that DNA derived from dead cells survives in serum at 37°C for an extended period of time.
In other experimental systems, administration of DCs with tolerogenic potential has led to the induction of indirect pathway allospecific T cells due to re-presentation of alloantigen derived from dead donor DCs, leading to graft rejection 28.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com