The poloidal field in space, from which the horizontal equivalent currents in the present paper are derived, is associated with currents that flow below the satellites, i.e., mainly the ionospheric currents.
Thus, the lack of small Tims is likely to be a derived situation associated with the presence of highly modified mitochondria (i.e. mitosomes) in these organisms.
In principle, human-specific derived alleles should underly some proportion of human-specific or human-concentrated disease risk (Crespi 2010a), with ancestral alleles, losses of function, or pleiotropic effects of derived alleles, associated with higher risk of disease.
Such selection pressure could be one of several explanations for the high frequency of the derived allele (associated with allowing milk consumption in adulthood) in northern Europeans, the region where the allele is most common (74% in Sweden [ 7]).
We examined unambiguous character transformations on the morphological tree along the branches defining the conflicting nodes to investigate whether derived traits associated with feeding ecology were driving the potentially spurious relationships.
These findings imply that, rather than representing ancestral characters, the extremely compact genomes and multiple split genes of Nanoarchaeota are derived characters associated with their symbiotic or parasitic lifestyle.
Quite the contrary, we emphasize in the Abstract: "These findings imply that, rather than representing ancestral characters, the extremely compact genomes and multiple split genes of Nanoarchaeota are derived characters associated with their symbiotic or parasitic lifestyle".
Population genetic analyses suggest that A. flavus has a largely panmictic population structure [ 3, 4], however there is also evidence of clonally derived outbreaks associated with human infection [ 5].
In this section, by using special infinite series including trigonometric functions and the central factorial numbers of the second kind, we derive identities associated with the central factorial numbers of the second kind and the array polynomials.
To perform this analysis, we used Dataset4 FF) consisting of 2 HPV+ and 3 HPV− fresh frozen head and neck cancers to derive features associated with HPV status.
