Using a 2-D global model to derive top-down global emissions based on the Cape Grim measurements yields a recent (2007) emission rate of around 1.1 Gg yr−1 and a cumulative emission up to and including 2007 of 38.1 Gg.
The surface reflectance, i.e., satellite derived top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance corrected for the temporally, spatially and spectrally varying scattering and absorbing effects of atmospheric gases and aerosols, is needed to monitor the land surface reliably.
To account for external knowledge in the network construction process, Yeung et al. [ 3] introduced a supervised framework to estimate the weights of various types of evidence of transcriptional regulation and subsequently derived top candidate regulators.
The empirically derived top-down/bottom-up cycle will be described concurrently with its application to this case.
The Department followed an empirically derived top-down/bottom-up strategic planning process that fostered community engagement and coordination of efforts across institutional levels.
The adaptable, empirically derived, top-down/bottom-up strategic planning process described here provides a structured, comprehensive and inclusive process for ensuring that these lessons are grounded into organizational practice.
The equations for estimation of the tray efficiency are derived for top, bottom and intermediate trays, and they incorporate the number of gas and liquid phases transfer units, stripping factor, Peclet number of mixing and fractional entrainment.
In the line of movie musicals derived from "Top Hat" and its ilk -- a line that pretty much ended with "Grease" -- the moviemakers don't resolve the incompatibility: they acknowledge and even emphasize it, thus unshackling the performers to use all their theatrical tools.
(2015) above the cloud tops (while the derived cloud top altitude varied with latitude over a range from about 64 km to about 71 km).
The more similar Q H of forest- and agricultural samples derived from top soil layers are the less anthropogenic influence can be postulated and accordingly the stronger ubiquitous impact appears to be.
Top management commitment is necessary for supporting GSCM ideas, practices, and cooperation across organizational functions (Sarkis et al. 2007; Zhu et al. 2007a, 2007b), and success of any strategic program needs to be derived from top management (Yu and Hui 2008).
