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The IR and Raman spectra tensors were calculated for the selected series of derivatives which indicates that IR, Raman and Hyper-Raman modes are dominant in ZnCl2 based derivatives as compared to ZnBr2, ZnI2 and ZnF2 based metal-organic compounds.
FHB disease caused lower reductions in both grain number and weight in the uzu derivatives as compared to parent lines.
Conversion of COOH-HNE/ONE to a carboxy-methyl ester led to a decrease in IC50 values for the COOMe derivatives with a more pronounced effect in the HNE derivatives as compared to the ONE derivatives.
From the result it has been observed that EF in ethanol extract using maceration technique produced highest concentration of phenolic acid and flavonoid derivatives as compared to other crude extracts while water extract using maceration showed the lowest concentration.
Quantitative RT-PCR analyses of uzu derivatives and parents showed that CRE1, cellulose synthase and a glycine-rich cell wall structural protein were highly expressed and more pathogen-responsive in uzu derivatives as compared to the parent lines Bowman and Akashinriki.
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The severity of net blotch symptoms was 37% less in the Akashinriki-uzu derivative and 54% less in Bowman-uzu derivative, as compared to the respective parent lines.
Comparison 1 showed that 155 transcripts were ≥ 1.5-fold differentially expressed in F. culmorum-treated Akashinriki-uzu derivative as compared to the F. culmorum-treated parent line (Additional file 2: Table S1 – excel file).
We have proposed that this modification could be responsible for the overexpression of the TCA genes in the PB12 derivative as compared to the parental PB11 strain [ 9, 20, 21] (Table 1A).
Remarkably, RT-qPCR values of most of the regulatory genes analyzed were also increased and, in some cases, highly increased in the PB11Δ rppH derivative, as compared to the parental PB11, whereas RT-qPCR values of most regulatory genes in the JM101Δ rppH derivative were not substantially modified as compared to its parental JM101 strain.
All the designed derivatives of type 1 show blue shift while most of the type 2 derivatives show red shift as compared to the mer-Alq3.
Quite interestingly, of these palladium precatalysts, the i-propyl derivative (1c) exhibited superior activity as compared to the benzyl derivative (2c).
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