Typically in derivative lawsuits, damages are paid directly to the company.
With banks under severe pressure throughout the continent, countries as diverse as the Netherlands and Italy as well as Luxembourg, Sweden and the Czech Republic said a financial transaction tax, levied on dealings in shares, bonds and derivatives, could damage institutions, drive them out of the EU and raise borrowing costs.
We conclude that photoactivation of the tightly-bound fraction of haematoporphyrin derivative induces less damage to the outer cell membrane and probably more intracellular damage than irradiation of cells after a short period in contact with the derivative.
It is made when the folate derivative tetrahydrofolate is damaged by oxidation.
The BBC Trust said it was "concerned" that a "formulaic and derivative" schedule is damaging the corporation's reputation.
Some publishers and the writers' heirs fear that losing copyright protections will lead to inferior editions with typos and other errors, and to derivative works that damage the integrity of iconic stories.
Since derivative suits ask that damages be returned to the company, there is not usually a great monetary reward for plaintiffs.
In recent years, in part in response to decisions like Corwin that have raised the pleading standard for stockholder plaintiffs, the Delaware courts have encouraged stockholders to seek books and records under Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law DGCLL) before filing stockholder derivative or post-merger damages suits, and in response each year more stockholders have done so.
The court agreed with tobacco industry contentions that the state's claims for damages were derivative and too remote because they arose from alleged injuries to smokers and not to the state.
However, it is known that [C60] fullerene malonic acid derivatives (MA C60) can induce damages to cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes (Yang et al. 2007).
In the case of antimicrobial PDT, it has never been reported that mono-cationic fullerene derivative induces cell membrane damage.
