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This was carried out by applying the regression equation derived from the derivation sample to the validation sample to obtain a predicted calcium value for each subject.
If so, we derived the final prediction model from the full derivation sample [ 19].
Scale development involved a derivation sample (n = 6265) and a separate cross-validation sample (n = 1000), both drawn from four universities and Amazon Mechanical Turk.
Table 1 presents the demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics of the derivation sample.
The percent explained variation ranged from 0.12 to 0.13, while the area under the ROC curve was the same as in the derivation sample (0.72).
The median annual number of Medicare pneumonia hospitalizations from the derivation sample hospitals was 37, ranging from 1 to 396, and across these hospitals (25th and 75th percentiles, 18 and 67, respectively).
From a total of 75,616 cases for which administrative claims and medical record abstracted data were available, the final medical record derivation sample included 50,858 cases that met inclusion criteria (Table S1).
Cut points were obtained in the derivation sample.
The derivation sample consisted of 219 patients; the validation sample of 300 patients.
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21 Other reasons for poor performance include differences between the setting of patients in the new and derivation samples, differences in how information is recorded and differences in patient characteristics.
The main effect of changing from the a priori to the (more pathological) optimized cutoffs was improvement of diagnostic specificity, which was likely caused by greater prevalence of A β pathology among the controls in the present sample than in the derivation samples.
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