The exposure level for which there is evidence of an increased childhood leukemia risk is far below the international standards, but the panels setting the standard did not use this evidence as a basis for the derivation of a guideline level for power frequency fields.
The WHO has commissioned WCA Environment Ltd. to "perform a preliminary assessment of the gaps in the evidence base to support the potential derivation or update of guidelines for 29 substances", including uranium [ 3].
The driving force behind the derivation of many of these guidelines has been the advent of germline genetic testing.
In the derivation of the 2011 uranium guideline, the WHO state "Considering the Kurttio et al. (2006a) study group as a no-effect group, the value of the 95th percentile of the uranium exposure distribution is considered to be a NOAEL.
A learning evaluation function instead of a Lyapunov function is formulated as a guideline for derivation of the control strategy which guarantees the asymptotic stability of the tracking system.
The specific settings we used in the derivation of the SNCD-based exposure guideline were selected primarily as a result of such considerations; that is, using these settings, the SNCD concept can be compared to more standard BMD and NOAEL approaches at the level of the human exposure guideline in a calibrated manner, providing a starting point for further discussion.
Comment on derivation of numerical values for the World Health Organization guidelines for recreational waters.
Although a linear extrapolation model and a target risk of 1/1,000 were used for derivation of the SNCD-based human exposure guideline, other models for low-dose extrapolation, and target risks relevant from a public health point of view, may be considered as the SNCD concept is further developed.
Guidelines, there are multiples forms of guidelines.
Researchers responsible for the derivation of regression-based transformations might therefore wish to provide guidelines for end-users to ensure use consistent with validation data.
