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The full three-dimensional stress depth-profile was determined by neutron diffraction (ND) in both the coatings and the substrates, while synchrotron radiation allowed a depth strain scan in the thinner sample.
As EBSD diffraction patterns (Kikuchi bands) are formed in a region close to the sample surface (up to 50 nm depth), strain and contamination lead to the loss of the diffraction pattern contrast.
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More specifically, transverse (width, depth) strains are much higher in patellar cells compared to femoral condyle cells under equivalent compressive tissue loads (Madden et al. 2013).
Results revealed nonlinear responses with a depth dependent strain distribution, exhibiting smaller strains in the anterior and larger strains in the posterior stroma.
Six strains were included in our pool, resulting in ∼6.5× read depth per strain across the 4.5 Mbp genome, but frequency estimates would still be fairly accurate down to ∼4× read depth per strain.
In contrast, theoretical geometrical analysis for a spherical contact yields a depth independent strain gradient proportional to 1/R and continuum calculations suggest a slight increase of a strain gradient proportional to δ1/4/R3/4.
Biomass, RGR, pigments, and photosynthetic parameters were each analyzed by three-factorial ANOVA (depth × strain × time).
Using the relationship between indentation hardness and indentation depth from strain gradient plasticity theory we curve fitted the experimental data and found that both the indentation hardness at the limit of infinite depth and the characteristic length were dependent on the electric current density.
The output is a quantitative measure of the depth of strain-hardening effects.
An increase in shot-peening intensity is observed to increase the depth of strain-hardening effects in the alloy.
Strain analysis of the MOF and its composites using high-resolution X-ray diffractionmeter (XRD) was carried out and the presence of non-uniform, depth-related strain in the MOF crystals was confirmed.
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