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Existing methods for design of reinforced concrete (RC) bending elements in the ultimate limit state are based on calculating the compressed zone depth of the section.
Inelastic design methods allow for larger application of loads on sections than elastic design methods, due to the redistribution of yield stress through the depth of the section.
This chapter describes tension tests on a series of slotted end plate connections in which the slot lengths are less than the depth of the section.
The expected concrete stress distribution along the depth of the section is reported in Fig. 13b either considering or neglecting the tensile strength of concrete.
The test program aimed to investigate the influences of shear span, flexural reinforcing ratio, depth of the section, and volume fraction of fibers on the failure mode, load deflection behaviors, and punching shear resistances of the ULCC flat slabs.
A comparison between classical simplified laws (Poiseuille flow) and a more refined model which takes into account the evolution of the crack opening in the depth of the section enables to define the validity domain of the simplified laws and especially the definition of the associated "reference opening".
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For the section with bonded tendons, the strain configuration of concrete through the depth of the beam section is predetermined by the difference in ɛ pfm and ɛ pfi of the tendon.
Depth conversion of the section from the time domain was performed on the basis of the results of velocity analysis.
Therefore, the flexural stiffness of the composite section in the negative moment region is reduced, resulting in an increase of the depth of the steel section.
Therefore, the stiffeners were formed at the mid-depth of the sections.
The web holes are located at the mid-depth of the sections, with a horizontal clear distance of the web holes to the near edge of the bearing plate.
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