To reach a good accuracy in determining the depth of the bones, it is of paramount importance the ability to measure the time-of-flight (TOF) of the pulse with a high level of confidence.
The Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) classification system was used to evaluate the severity of bone loss [ 22], and the depths of the bone defect from intact tibial articular surface were quantitatively measured [ 3].
Things are not yet as bad as they were at the depths of the bone-crushing recession of the early 1980s, but they're heading in that direction.
A punch device proved extremely useful to assess the direction and depth of the anchor bone hole.
The depth of the removed bone was calculated as the distance from each point of the post-operative surface to the closest point on the pre-operative surface (Fig. 5).
A gradual increase in the width and depth of the ingrowing bone was observed between 4 and 15 weeks after implantation.
Melsen [27] believes that the length of a mini-implant should be determined by depth and quality of the bone, screw angulation, transmucosal thickness, and adjacent vital structures.
As researchers continue to perform in-depth analyses of the bones, the results strengthen the other initial hypothesis, which is that the Liang Bua hominins descended from a population that dispersed from Africa prior to the evolution of H. erectus.
An approach to solve the problem is to combine the skin-glued markers with ultrasound technology in order to obtain the bone position by measuring at the same time the marker coordinates in 3D space and the depth of the echo from the bone.
In this sense, Calvo-Guirado et al. [31] showed that the resorption of the buccal plate was more pronounced in implants installed in fresh sockets, corroborated by the results of the present study, which revealed greater depth of crestal bone resorption at the buccal crest than at the lingual crest.
