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The number of those virtual directions N can be chosen with a compromising between computation load and the depth of spread nulls.
For T3 and T4 tumours, the maximum depth of spread in mm beyond the muscularis propria was recorded.
Dukes' original observations noted that with increasing depth of spread, there was an increased rate of nodal spread and distant failure.
In addition to CRM status, increasing depth of spread has also been identified as a poor prognostic factor based on an analysis of 853 patients in the Erlangen Registry of Colorectal Carcinomas.
Such poor prognostic features included peritoneal involvement (T4 disease), T3 tumours with extramural depth of spread ⩾5 mm, presence of extramural vascular invasion and four or more involved lymph nodes.
The MR and EUS criteria for assessment of T stage are presented in Table 3. > There exists a strong relationship between the depth of spread through the muscularis propria and the risk of lymph node involvement.
Similar(54)
Five-year survival rates of 85% for rectal cancer patients with T3 tumours <5 mm depth of extramural spread vs 54% survival for cases with T3 ≥5 mm spread (Merkel et al, 2001).
Our local treatment stratification was based on evidence of: Five-year survival rates of 85% for rectal cancer patients with T3 tumours <5 mm depth of extramural spread vs 54% survival for cases with T3 ≥5 mm spread (Merkel et al, 2001 ).
The CCDF of the depth of infection spread is shown in Figure 6.
This reduced overestimation of the depth of extramural spread from oblique imaging.
Such prognostic factors include depth of extramural spread[ 14], lymph node involvement and involvement of the mesorectal fascia[ 15].
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