Sentence examples for depth of divergence from inspiring English sources
Since we know that the time depth of divergence among these Burmic languages is probably less than two millennia, this illustrates how substantially the system of an individual language can change.
Without placing emphasis on the number of species formally recognized by our results, we highlight the strong evidence for considerable lineage formation within Microcebus, including lineages with genetic patterns indicative of long durations of independent divergence, as well as those with patterns suggestive of a shallower depth of divergence.
Further, we used phylogenetic and multiple coalescent methods to estimate the depth of divergence among clades and suggest temporal context for the divergence revealed by our analyses.
To illustrate the effect of using reference populations with varying evolutionary distances from true mixing populations, we performed a set of four simulations in which we varied one reference population in a pair of dimensions: (1) time depth of divergence from the true ancestor and (2) drift since divergence.
The depth of divergences among candidate species of Crenadactylus (and within other pygopodoid genera such as Diplodactylus, Lucasium and Salturius [ 27- 29]) are comparable with vertebrate radiations noted for their extreme morphological conservatism (e.g. Plethodon salamanders) [ 30].
In our comparative study within Ensatina, while we find a good qualitative agreement between mitochondrial and nuclear markers (i.e. major mtDNA lineages encompass distinct nDNA genetic clusters), we also find a quantitative disagreement in the depth of genetic divergence across pairs of populations.
Mitochondrial introgression does not misled phylogenetic inferences at the depth of the divergence of the avian radiation and the range of mutation rates among mitochondrial genes make this an excellent single loci to study.
The phylogenetic depth of this divergence, which may range between 0.63 My and 3.5 My (mean 1.83 My) for the control region and from 0.164 to 3.603 My (mean 2.051) for the 16S rRNA, probably excludes human introduction and reveals an infrequently-studied phylogeographic relationship in terrestrial vertebrates.
Our results demonstrate how integration of molecular dating techniques into cryptic species analysis can quantify the depth of phylogenetic divergences and reveal patterns of great evolutionary interest and conservation significance within lineages showing outward morphological conservatism.
The distribution of SNPs among A. tridentata subspecies and the estimation of depth and divergence of mutations provide insights about the magnitude of neutral divergence and natural selection between these subspecies, and a foundation of sequence references for future population genomic and functional genetic studies.
