(2) The second hypothesis is an in-depth diffusion of gold as Kunz et al. [37] have just observed for discontinuous gold films on amorphous polymer substrates.
Just this purely thermodynamic consideration supports the exclusion of hypothesis 2. Nevertheless, for example Kunz [37] observed an in-depth diffusion of gold in polystyrene after annealing.
Wood samples were dipped in the CuCl22H2O solution under a vacuum (ca. 0.095 MPa) for 30 min and were soaked under atmospheric pressure for 2 h for in-depth diffusion into the porous wood structure.
According to our experimental data, the absorption coefficients, the reduced scattering coefficients, the optical penetration depths, the diffusion coefficients, the diffuse reflectance and the shifts of diffuse reflectance for normal stomach mucosa/submucosa tissues in the cardiac orifice at 635, 730, 808, 890 and 980 nm were determined in vitro.
The absorption coefficients, the reduced scattering coefficients, the optical penetration depths, the diffusion coefficients, the diffuse reflectance and the shifts of diffuse reflectance of tissue samples at 635, 730, 808, 890 and 980 nm wavelengths vary with a change of wavelength.
The results of measurement showed that the absorption coefficients, the reduced scattering coefficients, the optical penetration depths, the diffusion coefficients, the diffuse reflectance and the shifts of diffuse reflectance of tissue samples at five different wavelengths vary with a change of wavelength.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 present the wavelength dependence of the absorption coefficients, the reduced scattering coefficients, the optical penetration depths, the diffusion coefficients, the diffuse reflectance and the shifts of diffuse reflectance for normal stomach mucosa/submucosa tissues in the cardiac orifice at five different wavelengths of laser, respectively.
Nitriding is usually done by heating steel objects in gaseous ammonia (NH3) at temperatures between 500 and 550 °C (950 and 1,050 °F) for periods of 5 to 100 hours, depending upon the desired depth of diffusion of the nitrogen.
The depth of diffusion into the 1D column is approximately 40 meters at 1000 years if no carbonate forming reactions occur (Figure 8a).
It encompasses six characteristics which help to identify the depth of diffusion, i.e.: technology, energy supply, connectivity, information processing, aggregation level and location of the intelligence.
