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Practices will be sampled to include a broad spectrum of patients, including rural and urban practices and practices from across the social deprivation range.
There is a significant non-linear association between the deprivation deciles: the least deprived and most deprived households have more access to a GP premises than the households in the middle of the deprivation range.
There is a significant non-linear association between the deprivation deciles (a u-shaped access curve, see figure 3): the least deprived and most deprived households have more access to a pharmacy than the households in the middle of the deprivation range.
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The rank of deprivation ranges from 1 (most deprived) to 32,482 (least deprived).
For example, von Wagner et al (2011) found a gradient in FOBt uptake across quintiles of deprivation, ranging from 35% in the most deprived quintile to 61% in the least deprived.
*Measure of material deprivation, ranging from −6 (most affluent) to 11 (most deprived).
Doctors and education experts said this leaves the students battling fatigue, often paying a steep price for their sleep deprivation, ranging from poor academic performance, depression and driving accidents.
Whilst, measures of area deprivation ranged from 2.3 to 81.0 with a mean of 22.6 (SD 14.6).
We calculated the deprivation score for each ward using the income domain of the Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2000 for England (Department of Environment, 2000) and assigned individuals to a quintile of deprivation ranging from most (1) to least affluent (5) wards.
Statistically significant variation in uptake is found between quintiles of area deprivation (ranging from 86.4 to 89.5%), as well as age and sex groups (87.9 89.1%), quintiles of poor self-assessed health (87.5 89.5%), non-white ethnicity (84.6 90.6%) and population density (87.9 89.3%), and geographical regions (86.4 90%).
At age 11 an area deprivation score, range 1 (least) to 7 (most deprived), was derived from pupils' postal codes using the 'Carstairs' [ 27] index, a standard measure based upon census data.
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