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The National Community Child Health Database (NCCHD) provided a Lower Super Output Area score and associated multiple deprivation indicator, ranking scores from 1 (most deprived) to 5 (least deprived)) for each mother child pair and birth data (child gender, birth weight and gestational age).
The dichotomous Dutch deprivation indicator was additionally used to test for unexplained deprived urban area effects.
The deprivation indicator (FDep) used was developed by Rey [ 25].
However, we observed that simple country-level socioeconomic factors, theoretically close to a broad "deprivation" indicator, seem to influence this relationship.
Unlike Stafford et al., we found no significant interaction between gender and neighbourhood deprivation – even though we also obtained the deprivation indicator from an independent external source.
The methodology used an individual deprivation indicator from the conceptual definition of deprivation and selected ecological census variables that are the most closely related to the individual deprivation indicator in the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC).
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More than 30% of the very preterm infants lived in the most deprived quartile compared with around 15% in the least deprived quartile for all four deprivation indicators, with statistically significant odds ratios ranging between 2.5 and 1.5 (test for trend of OR: p<.001) for most deprived compared to least deprived quartiles.
1 5 In the most deprived areas of England, for example, life expectancy is approximately 8 years less, and disability-free life expectancy 15 years less than in the least deprived areas. 1 Among several deprivation indicators, a person's individual or household income is widely recognised as being strongly positively correlated with health outcomes.
Accessibility-based measures are increasingly being incorporated into deprivation indicators and the paper concludes by suggesting that, if such analysis is to inform urban planning, local service provision and the spatial allocation of financial resources, greater attention needs to be given to the method of population representation utilised in such models.
10 The census provides population data including deprivation indicators.
6 Spearhead status is intended to reflect those areas with the worst health and deprivation indicators.
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