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The core depressive factor appears to primarily reflect emotional or affective symptoms of depression, such as depressed affect, suicidal rumiation, dissatisfaction and personal devaluation.
A depressive factor has been identified in studies which used rating scales that incorporate depressive symptoms.
Although there is evidence from other studies about the existence of a depressive factor in patients with mania, we did not identify a depressive factor [ 5, 8- 13, 17, 17].
A clinical interpretable four-factor solution consisting of a core depressive factor (I); a cognitive factor (II); an anxiety factor (III) and a somatic factor (IV) was extracted.
The four factors extracted from the factor analysis were interpreted, according to the nature of the symptoms in each factor, as: core depressive factor (Factor I), cognitive factor (Factor II), anxiety factor (Factor III) and somatic factor (Factor IV).
In this context, it is possible that the increased number of awakenings from REM sleep, expression of more fragmented sleep, results associated with the most significant depressive factor in young women (the emotional dimension) rather than with the remaining dimensions.
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In younger women more REM awakenings were associated with more depressive emotional symptoms, but with lower scores on the other depressive factors.
In our study, we found no differences between the OCD patients and their non-OCD counterparts in total PANSS score, or in components other than the depressive factors on the five component PANSS analysis [ 28].
In a Hong Kong study of Chinese married couples [ 39], only two factors were derived (depressive symptom factor and interpersonal problem factor).
Thus, it seemed that the depressive-emotional factor revealed a finding typical of depression, where depressed persons report (and have) a reduced sleep quality or insomnia [ 14, 21].
When analyzing the associations between the BDI factors and sleep, a dual pattern of associations was consistently displayed in younger women: either the one between the depressive-emotional factor and more disrupted sleep, or that between punishment, dissatisfaction and depressive-somatic factors and less disrupted sleep.
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