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The feasibility of exceeding the typical ∼10 mV depolarization threshold for activating the action potentials is examined.
Ranolazine caused substantial increases in the magnitude of the depolarization threshold current needed to induce the repetitive extrasystoles (RE) and VF.
These calcium spikes occur once a depolarization threshold is reached in the dendrites and spines, in response to high frequency repetitive firing of the Purkinje neuron (corresponding to high amplitude current injection) [ 49].
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When compared to 31 healthy subjects, the ICU controls exhibited signs of membrane depolarization as shown by reduced superexcitability (p = 0.003), depolarized threshold electrotonus (p = 0.007), increased current-threshold relationship (p = 0.03), and slightly prolonged strength-duration time constant.
Remarkably, subthreshold depolarization (mean threshold = −51.17 ± 1.29 mV) triggered robust voltage oscillations in IC cells (n = 10, Figure 4E).
Irregular spiking interneurons possess a vertically oriented, descending axon that extends to deeper cortical layers, and have an irregular firing pattern that is characterized by action potentials occurring irregularly during depolarizations near threshold [ 17, 25, 55, 56, 59- 61].
Once depolarization exceeded AP threshold, increasing depolarizing current pulses increased the frequency of APs in both wild-type and Ts65Dn GCs (Fig. 2A).
A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization.
Our observation of a threshold depolarization energy, however, is more easily explained with the phonon model we have presented.
The gross structure of PF/AF synapses can be decoded by the local depolarization above the threshold for calcium firing leading to LTP.
The prevailing theory used to explain the later experience-dependent plasticity phase relies on a Hebbian model in which mechanisms exist to strengthen synapses whose activity coincides with target depolarization beyond some threshold level [54] and to eliminate synapses whose activity is not correlated with postsynaptic activation [55].
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