Additionally, the mobility models also play an important role in path duration since they determine the nodes' movements in the deployed scenario [17, 18].
We can conclude that the typical problem connected to interference management, as already explained in Section 2., lies in the unpredictability of the deployed scenario.
In the deployed scenario, the center cell and first-tier cells are the area of interest, while second-tier cells consist of only eNBs to generate interference to the users.
Furthermore, the aggregate interference from multiple femtocells to a certain primary user sometimes cannot be neglected due to the large number of femtocells that use the same channel in a densely deployed scenario.
Although, MNs can circumvent VPL and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the VUEs, in a densely deployed scenario, the severe inter-cell interference has a noticeable impact on the received SINR.
So, the deployed scenario was analyzed by inducing opportunistic interference through the peaks and nulls of a primary channel, and under the static and dynamic allocations of radio frequency resources.
Preliminary studies in METIS show that without using any ICIC schemes or interference cancellation, there are limited gains in using MNs to serve VUEs in densely deployed urban scenarios ([45] pp. 33), because the MNs are operating mostly at the same interference-limited scenario as regular outdoor UEs.
Although other studies have considered actual deployed network scenarios, it was difficult to implement these algorithms in practice because of factors such as complexity, lack of flexibility, and diversity of practical network deployment scenarios.
Compared with noise-limited scenarios and scenarios with limited interference [7,11,12,28], in a densely deployed urban scenario, interference is the biggest factor affecting the performance of MNs, which is why the IRC scheme for the backhaul links of MNs gives the most gain.
Therefore, in an interference-limited scenario with high-mobility users, e.g., to serve VUEs in a densely deployed urban scenario, the MANET solutions cannot be directly applied.
