The density of the point cloud is usually higher than the one that can be achieved by LiDAR techniques (depending on the Ground Sampling Distance, GSD, of the images), but it has the inconvenient to be extremely expensive from a computational point of view.
The grounding impedance is represented by (Z_{g}(s)), which could be infinite if the converter station is ungrounded, resistive, inductive or zero depending on the grounding scheme.
In general, the rotations as function of the PGA show a linear tendency depending on the ground motion and peak ground acceleration.
In conclusion, all modified horseshoes showed unintended side effects and their influence on biomechanical parameters varied depending on the ground surface.
It is found that such treatments may, or may not, have a significant effect depending on the ground stiffness and layering.
Consideration of nonlinear SSI is also critical as it can alter the modal properties of the structures as well as the systems, equipment and components, depending on the ground motion intensity and local site conditions.
Applying a constraint matrix depending on the ground C I and Lagrange's undetermined multipliers λ I, τ I is represented by boldsymbol{tau}_{I} = boldsymbol{C}_{I}^{T} boldsymbol{lambda}_{I}, (14).
When soil structure interaction was considered, the pseudostatic contribution was found to be (for certain accelerograms depending on the ground displacement record) in excess of 25% for the structure founded on hard soil.
This was engineered to suggest either a match, no match, or an inconclusive outcome, and was thus either consistent, misleading or unbiased depending on the ground truth of each fingerprint pair.
From comparison of laboratory experiments and FDTD simulations, the chapter concludes that the antenna spacing is an essential factor in the SAR-GPR performance and that there is an optimal antenna spacing of the antenna array depending on the ground surface roughness.
We prove the following: if ∥e−itH A,a)∥L1→L∞≲t−n/2, then ∥|x|−g(n)e−itH A,a)|x|−g(n)∥L1→L∞≲t−n/2−g(n), g(n) being a positive number, explicitly depending on the ground level of L and the space dimension n.
