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Studies on effects of environmental and occupational exposures have experienced participation bias depending on exposures measured [ 40, 41].
Such interactions also complicate the statistical modelling of gene-environment interactions since they violate the assumption of independence: with some of the genetic variance clearly depending on exposures.
This could reduce the likelihood of observation bias which can occur when exposures and outcome are measured without blinding (in this case by participant self-report), for example if the participant was more likely to report a certain outcome depending on exposures reported.
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Depending on exposure time, evaporated volume was changing from 0.5 to 1.5 mL.
Previous study has reported a range of EC50 values for dissolved Au on C. reinhardtii of between 5.9 and 1.7 mg/L, depending on exposure time [92].
In general, the effect of ground-borne vibration is related to people discomfort (high-frequency vibration affects concentration ability, low-frequency vibration may cause muscular or internal organ injury, both depending on exposure time), rather than damage to buildings.
Overall, induction of gene expression in relations to defense mechanisms, immune responses, growth and reproduction were measured after ENMs exposures of organisms, but with different patterns depending on exposure duration and concentrations used.
Initially undifferentiated, the tubercle develops into either a clitoris or penis during development of the reproductive system depending on exposure to androgens (primarily male hormones).
Embryos responded differently depending on exposure time and temperature level.
Case studies demonstrated different exposure outcome relationships depending on exposure metric.
This is a strength, but again findings could vary depending on exposure to medication.
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