localvar: zero mean Gaussian white noise with an intensity dependent variance.
(3) localvar: zero mean Gaussian white noise with an intensity dependent variance (4) speckle: speckle or Multiplicative noise.
POD is then implemented to extract, from the sequence of subspaces, a projection basis that describes the state dependent variance of the Krylov subspaces.
with ν(E i,Δ t j ) a bias term and with σ2(E i,Δ t j ) an irradiance and exposure time dependent variance (also see Figure 4).
Note that other print and scan models that take into account the gamma transfer function or additive noise with input dependent variance can be found in [19], but the general methodology of this paper is not dependent on the model and can still be applied.
The probability distribution of the noise e is assumed to be conditionally normal with signal dependent variance: f(e|Λb)∼N 0,γ2Λb).
The smoothed 26 dGCMs for all the voxels of the BA44 ROI were then included in a one-way ANOVA with dependent variance in order to account for spatial autocorrelation between neighboring voxels.
Planned potential associations among geographic and climate variables and inferred genotypes were tested by correlation and regression analyses in Excel or by general linear models in SAS SAS Institute Inc.., Cary, USA), of the type Y = βX+e, where X is the discrete genotype, e the error represented by the replication dependent variance, and Y the individual factor of influence, where appropriate.
Genotype dependent variance analysis identifies candidate SNPs for interactions.
There are two other mechanisms by which genotype dependent variance can be induced.
Paré et al. (2010) have described how an interaction, either genetic or environmental, can induce genotype dependent variance in phenotypes.
