It protects victim users within a certain distance from the base station through a frequency-dependent penalty factor in the power allocation level.
In [26], it has been proposed to use a signal-dependent penalty function to promote sparsity in the output signal and reduce artifacts generated by non-robust techniques.
In this work, the cohesive formulation previously developed by the authors has been updated with a mode-dependent penalty stiffness to ensure accurate and reliable simulation results.
The new methods are quite different than many existing numerical methods in that they are locally conservative by design, the resulting discrete linear systems are symmetric and positive-definite, and there is no need for tuning problem-dependent penalty factors.
Ané and Sanderson (2005) use this MDL principle, based on information theory, to find a taxon-dependent penalty parameter to appropriately weigh the cost of substitutions versus that of recombination.
Basically, targets should fulfill the following criteria: no more than three mismatches between miRNA and target, a position independent score of no more than 3 [ 85], a position-dependent penalty score of no more than 4 [ 86], and MFE ratios for miRNA:target duplexes and miRNA:target-binding site duplexes greater than 0.75 [ 32].
SP3 [11] and SP4 [12] employ a simple secondary-structure dependent gap penalty.
We use the Needleman-Wunsch global alignment algorithm [26] to optimize the matching score between the query sequence and template structure based on Eq. (1) with the position-dependent gap penalty model described above.
In our work, we employed the position-dependent gap penalty model in the dynamic programming, which operates as follows: No gaps are allowed in the region where the predicted secondary structure and the secondary structure of the template are in the same state of helix or sheet; The end gap penalty is neglected; Affine gap opening (go) and gap extension penalties (ge) are applied to other regions.
We scored the alignments between miRNAs and potential targets using a position-dependent, mispair penalty system [ 11, 50, 77].
