The depth-dependent alternation of compressive/tensile residual strains in the neighboring Cr solid solution and NiAl lamellae is understood in the framework of the Mughrabi's composite model considering two types of structure elements: harder and softer regions.
Instead, this type of plasticity is necessary for the rapid formation of new CA1 cell assemblies in the hippocampus of experimentally naïve animals and the development of a new schema associated with the first-time learning of a hippocampal-dependent alternation task.
Mechanical effects dependent on stiff/soft alternation are a common theme in structures like bone, which are strong but not brittle (high yield strength) [ 29].
It is possible that sham lesioned mice showed worse performance than hippocampal lesioned mice because they initially persisted with an incorrect spatial strategy (e.g., spatial alternation), dependent on allocentric cues, before then adopting the correct cue-based solution to the task (Meunier et al., 1996; Saksida et al., 2007).
The current study examined the effects of these low, orally-administered doses of MPH in rats performing a delayed alternation task dependent on prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region that is dysfunctional in ADHD, and is highly sensitive to levels of catecholamines.
In conjunction with targeted manipulations of neural activity or plasticity at specific timepoints during learning, we believe that the hippocampally-dependent W-track continuous alternation task is well suited to help us link neural coding with behavior.
However, in schizophrenia-related behavioral tasks, such as PPI and the working memory-dependent T-maze delayed alternation task, our studies revealed an unremarkable behavioral profile with normal performance in these tasks, thus arguing against a major role of RTN4R in susceptibility to schizophrenia.
To compare efficacies of BACE1+/− deletion in improving memory impairments in 5XFAD transgenic mice at 6 and 15 18 months of age, we tested the mice with a hippocampus-dependent learning paradigm, spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze that represents a measure of spatial working memory [34] (Fig. 1).
These results indicate that alternation behaviour is dependent upon an optimal balance in a distributed dopaminergic network.
