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The F.S.B. said that regulators and central bankers had contributed to the system's dependence on credit ratings by "hard-wiring" their verdicts into laws and regulations.
MILAN, March 7 - In a packed courtroom on Tuesday, Calisto Tanzi, the founder and former chairman of Parmalat, said he felt "pain and remorse" for his role in the company's collapse, but mostly blamed the company's banks for fostering a druglike dependence on credit.
Here are a couple of good background studies of the rating-agency problem by Frank Partnoy of the University of San Diego, as well as an older paper (with the great title "The Siskel and Ebert of Financial Markets") that calls, as my column does, for eliminating the regulatory dependence on credit ratings.
In a packed courtroom on Tuesday, Calisto Tanzi, the founder and former chairman of Parmalat, said he felt "pain and remorse" for his role in the company's collapse, but mostly blamed the company's banks for fostering a druglike dependence on credit.
Even the International Monetary Fund concurs that Asia's financial crisis stemmed from too much dependence on credit intermediation by commercial banks and underdevelopment of knowledge-intensive securities markets.
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Overly optimistic credit ratings and investors' dependence on the credit rating agencies, for example, were shown to have contributed to the subprime mortgage mess.
Done right, that approach might have highlighted American International Group's troubled credit insurance portfolio and perhaps its related and circular dependence on its credit rating.
Ecuador started borrowing from Beijing in 2008 when it defaulted on $3.2bn of foreign debt, and the country's dependence on Chinese credit shows no signs of abating.
Brazil's Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Argentina's Néstor Kirchner saw their region's exports to China skyrocket during their terms, creating a favourable economic wind that allowed them to reduce their dependence on foreign credit, lifting millions out of poverty while they turned a cold shoulder to Washington, attributing to the US imperial intentions rather than neighbourly feelings.
The Irish economy's heavy pre-crisis dependence on a credit-fuelled property price and construction bubble meant that it suffered more financial instability than most countries in the downturn 2008 2012 with the failure of the bulk of the banking system, heavy official and private debt and a severe employment decline.
Yet there is widespread bipartisan agreement that our dependence on the current credit ratings system is dysfunctional.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com