In contrast, solid vaccine dosage forms, produced by for example spray drying, offer improved storage stability and reduced dependence on cold-chain facilities.
In line with this scheme, global proliferation of antibody- and vaccine-production technologies, especially those that obviate dependence on the cold chain for storage and transport of finished products, could provide geographically distributed breakout capability against emerging and future health challenges.
In addition to possible immunologic advantages, solid microneedle vaccination may offer logistic advantages such as possible self-administration, less dependence on a cold-chain and highly trained medical personnel, and less pain compared to the conventional intradermal or intramuscular delivery of liquid form vaccines.
Liberals saw the gnarled hand of fiscal gimmickry, including a heavy dependence on one-time-only revenues, the kind of stuff that jolts budget watchdogs awake in a cold sweat at 3 a.m.
"(But) our dependence on coal will continue.
This chapter reviews water vapour and moisture transport from the skin through clothing to the environment in cold weather and its dependence on clothing thermal and evaporative resistances and layering in cold clothing designs.
With international sanctions tightened, the North's dependence on China, its ally during the cold war, for trade and investment has deepened in recent years.
Russia is losing market share in Europe already, and cannot afford to annoy its customers or endanger its $40 billion export revenues.A cold climateWorries about dependence on Russian gas have in any case diminished.
In the postcolonial annals, near-exclusive dependence on a single commodity — copper in Cold War-era Zambia and Zaire, as Congo was then known, or uranium in Niger — entrenched one-party states even as African economies became hostage to the vagaries of remote, international markets.
India's dependence on Russia is a holdover from the Cold War era, when the two were close allies.
