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"On the other hand," she continued, "his definition of dependence is based on single symptoms, which may be open to question".
The idea of using opioid substitutes to treat opioid dependence is based on the premise that long-term drug use profoundly alters the brain, that the craving, seeking and taking of opioids is a "bio-behavioral" compulsion.
Lewis's explanation of the temporal asymmetry of counterfactual dependence is based on a de facto asymmetry about the actual world.
This assumption is mainly based on the findings of previous studies which demonstrated increased stability of chloride complexes, simplified speciation, and the unimportance of mixed complexes at high temperatures (i.e., 500°C).[16, 17] Therefore, the interpretation of chloride dependence is based on reaction (11).
The rationale of using nicotine replacement medication for treating nicotine dependence is based on the theory of harm reduction.
Based on axonal strain, an anisotropic tissue-level injury criterion was developed, where the orientation dependence is based on the local underlying axonal directions (Cloots et al. 2012).
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The reason for excluding opioid-dependent individuals also presenting with benzodiazepine and alcohol dependence was based on the results of several studies which have shown an increased risk of overdose associated with benzodiazepine use and alcohol use [ 13].
The DSM-IV criteria for drug dependence were based on a theoretically dimensional (linear) model.
This elaborate system of mutual dependence was based on blood ties, marriage alliances, and old covenants as well as on newly negotiated contracts.
The diagnosis of alcohol dependence was based on a clinical assessment according to DSM-IV criteria [ 19], the self-administered Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) [ 25], and the CAGE questionnaire [ 26].
Modeling of Khat dependence was based on DAST-10 categorization (0 for problem and 1 for moderate level), suggesting that the most significant independent predictors of Khat dependence were residence (OR = 1.67, P < 0.02), frequency of Khat chewing (OR = 4.8, P < 0.01), age of starting Khat chewing (OR = 1.15, P < 0.01), and time of Khat effect (OR = 1.15, P < 0.04).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com