On the other hand, the occurrence and change of many natural phenomena may directly depend on time scales, but not depend on the real line.
Sweep rate studies indicate that film formation in the presence of SO2−4 can be reversible or controlled by a chemical step, depending on time scale, pH, and SO2−4 concentration.
It is tempting to interpret the task-dependent differences in MSE as reflecting the relative difficulty of the ID and ED shifts, but that does not explain why the direction of the effect, as well as the underlying networks, depends on time scale.
While the most common solution for handling time-dependent covariate effects is via inclusion of interaction terms between the covariates that depend on time and the time-scale, alternative approaches for assessing time-dependence and goodness-of-fit have also been proposed [ 18, 19].
The predictions of OH and CH time scales directly depend on the time scale for Z; however, they are not identical because of the narrow state relationships for reactive scalars.
For the heat shock model we identify three different time scales as we will see in the section of limiting models in three time scales, and α1, α2, α3, α8, and α9 may depend on the time scale.
The choice of time span can be seen to depend on the time scale selected for mitigation of climate change.
The effects of loop motions on the spFRET peak shape, location, and width depend on the time scale of the motion relative to the time it takes α1AT to diffuse through the observation volume (∼475 μs) and the bin time used for the histogram (1 ms).
Multivoltine insects lay more than one brood per year, and their classification as semelparous or iteroparous may depend on the time scale of reference [ 18].
