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Degraded plant associations (areas where the variety and size of species and the density of plant cover are reduced) and soil erosion are common.
The technique is based on the combined effect of the increased density of plant shoots and roots for reducing soil loss.
For this, we assessed how size class distribution and density of plant life-stages of 34 populations were associated with land use and management over a large geographical area.
Moderate resolution remotely sensed imagery (20 30 m) has lacked sufficient spatial resolution to accurately measure total vegetative cover in arid environments because the density of plant cover is generally too low to significantly influence spectral reflectance.
Each research protocol used in the guide is a set of clear, simple instructions for a standard technique used by ecologists, such as laying transects for sampling in the field, measuring rates of decomposition in soil or determining the density of plant cover in an area.
In general, the highest density of plant cover was determined during autumn.
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Moreover, the lower energy density of plant-based foodstuffs results in a higher food intake for vegans with respect to ovo-lacto-vegetarians (around 12.5% in terms of food weight), possibly explaining the lack of environmental benefits of a vegan diet in comparison with an ovo-lacto-vegetarian choice.
Estimates of the density of plants were used to calculate the pollen production of the habitat.
Cropping results in a reduced diversity and density of plants, although swamp plant communities retain some resilience to such disturbances.
This work focused on the influence of initial concentrations of pesticide and population density of plants on toxicity and uptake of the fungicide dimethomorph by two duckweed species.
The high density of planted trees excludes importing other species from nearby natural forests; therefore the planted forest remains mono-specific even after several decades and shows no sign of mimicking the characteristics of a natural forest.
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