The bulk density of all powder fractions is increased by 40 to 50% and all originally cohesive powders reach an easy flowing regime through the short low-temperature plasma treatment.
Fig. 4 Temperature dependence of density of powders a 3Y-TZP (DIPE) and b TZ-3Y (TOSOH) at different heating rates Fig. 5 Temperature dependence of densification rate of samples a 3Y-TZP (DIPE) and b TZ-3Y (TOSOH) at different heating rates.
In summary, we have shown, by monitoring the optical properties of a nanopowder as the density of the powder is increased, how one can determine the excitation/absorption characteristics of interfaces.
Particle, powder and aerosol properties were assessed using analytical methods with minimal sample requirement, namely linear Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, time-of-flight aerodynamic diameter measurements, and a new technique to determine compressed bulk density of the powder.
A first crude estimate of the maximum char loading can be obtained from the bulk density of a slightly compressed pyrolysis char powder column, 300 to 400 kg/m3 corresponds to an L/S mass ratio of 2 to 3 at typical bioslurry densities around 1,200 kg/m3.
As also stated by Singh et al. [17], the bulk density of the powder is primarily dependent on particle size, particle size distribution and particle shape.
In P/M HIP, the capsule volume is reduced to 25 30% depending on the initial relative density of the powder after pre-consolidation.
As a conclusion, the size of the particles has been identified as the most relevant variable, followed by the viscous pressure drop in the inhaler device and the density of the powder.
Therefore, contribution of macropores increases (Fig. 1b), as well as the total pore volume V p and V macro (Table 1) as an increased part of the empty volume (V em = 1/ρ b−1/ρ 0, where ρ 0 and ρ b are the true density of oxide nanoparticles and bulk density of the powder, respectively), in the powders.
