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The pulse delay photoactivation method, which is a combination of low energy density followed by a lag period before a final high power density irradiation, can also decrease the intensity of polymerization stress [13, 14].
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The calculation results indicated that coating layer thickness, PyC anisotropy, density and irradiation temperature significantly affected coated fuel particles stresses under irradiation.
Differences are qualitatively discussed in terms of nature and density of irradiation defects.
It is obviously found that the temperature increasing depends on the concentration, lasers power density and irradiation duration.
It has been reported previously that some borosilicate glasses increase their density during irradiation while the density of other glasses decreases.
The experimentally determined surface charge density after irradiation was in the order of +5×1011 cm−2, and the breakdown voltages were ∼900 and 1600 V for the 9-ring and 14-ring termination, respectively.
These dose dependences of tensile fracture stress and fracture strain are related with the fact that density of irradiation induced defects increases with increasing dose and is saturated at dose around 0.05dpa.
The experimental working conditions are arbitrary (choice of the cell line, geometry of the setup, cell density during irradiation).
The model is parameterized with detailed dislocation dynamics simulations of tensile tests up to 1.5% deformation of systems containing various initial densities of irradiation defects.
The increased microvascular endothelial cell density of irradiation-induced wound granulation tissue in VT-treated mice suggested that VT may have improved microvascular endothelial cell survival or function.
The atom evaporation and diffusion or the extent of radial growth would thus be limited by the beam energy, current density, and the irradiation duration, and so far, there was no detectable effect as found from the carbon film.
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