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These have included collagen fibril density, alignment and hierarchical structure, controlling material stiffness and anisotropy.
The components of the dislocation density alignment tensors can be envisaged as density-like fields which contain more and more detailed information about the orientation distribution of dislocations.
Conducting different processing parameters (needle geometry, tip-to-collector distance, electric field strength, collector composition and geometry) allows the altering of fiber size, density, alignment and overall morphology.
The averaging simply replaces the normalized power tensors of the dislocation density vector by their DODF-weighted averages, i.e., by the respective dislocation density alignment tensors: begin{array}{*{20}l} {boldsymbol{rho}}^{(n)}({boldsymbol{mathrm{r}}}) to oint p_{{boldsymbol{mathrm{r}}}}({varphi}) {boldsymbol{rho}}^{(n)}({boldsymbol{mathrm{r}}}) mathrm{d} {varphi} end{array} (14).
The formulation in terms of alignment tensors has proven particularly versatile since one can formulate the elastic energy functional of the dislocation system in terms of dislocation density alignment tensors (Zaiser 2015) and then use this functional to derive the dislocation velocity in a thermodynamically consistent manner (Hochrainer 2016).
Specifically, the so-called dislocation density alignment tensors begin{array}{*{20}l} {boldsymbol{rho}}^{(n)}({boldsymbol{mathrm{r}}}) := rho langle {boldsymbol{mathrm{l}}}^{otimes n} rangle_{{boldsymbol{mathrm{r}}}} = rho oint,!!p_{{boldsymbol{mathrm{r}}}}({varphi}) {{boldsymbol{mathrm{l}}}({varphi})}^{otimes n},mathrm{d}{varphi}. end{array} (2).
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The results of this study indicate that microtopography affects cell density and alignment of tenocytes and leads to the deposition of an aligned collagen matrix, but does not significantly impact matrix gene expression or cell phenotype.
Both the density and alignment, as well as the uniformity, improved.
The orientation, density, and alignment of collagen fibrils were mapped across six different valves.
The density and alignment of CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
However, the lower NW density and alignment of NWs will influence the accuracy and measuring resolution of THz-TDS technique.
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