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The local measurements indicated that a dense skin was formed.
To form a gastight dense skin layer, SiC fibers were layered on the cylindrical cellular ceramics by filament winding.
The advantages of using asymmetric polymeric membranes with a dense skin and a microporous backing for separation of permanent gas mixtures have been p.
The membrane had an asymmetric gradational-changed porous structure including a dense skin layer, a transition region and a sponge-like porous layer.
During the thermal treatment step the asymmetric structure of the membranes with a thin dense skin surface layer supported on a more porous layer was established.
The thickness of the dense skin surface and porosity of sponge-like sublayer could be controlled by the modification of phase-separation process using per-evaporation method.
Similar(44)
Dramatically rapid deswelling was achieved with the cold-treated gels since the fishnet-like structure with numerous small pores prevented the formation of a dense, thick skin layer during the deswelling process, which commonly occurs in normal PNIPAAm hydrogels.
In the hydrogel with bare pMEO2MA network we observe MWS process resulted probably from interfacial polarization on microheterogeneities in the hydrogel and an additional MWS polarization linked to formation of the so-called dense skin-layer.
These images visually confirmed the cellular structure of the wafer and showed that the core of the wafer sheet was more porous than the dense skins.
Aiming at reducing ICP and fouling propensity, novel nanofiltration (NF) hollow fiber membranes with two apparently dense skins have been designed from cellulose acetate (CA) for FO applications by manipulating different phase inversion rates and degrees of annealing at the inner and outer layers.
However, the overall air permeability is substantially reduced due to the denser skin layers.
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