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Shade of either longleaf pines or dense overstory of tall weeds reduced productivity but not stands.
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Hence, the maintenance of the highest C-density stands in the landscape, and potentially that largest landscape level C-stocks among Tasmania's wet forests ironically requires the periodic killing of all, or part, of the large C-dense eucalypt overstory by intense wildfire to allow these large eucalypts to regenerate and persist on these sites.
Additionally, with the loss of riparian hemlock, it is possible that dense Rhododendron thickets without overstory tree species may become more prevalent in the riparian forest of the southern Appalachians.
Nowacki and Abrams (2008) proposed that the process of mesophication over the last century in Northeastern U.S. forests involves establishment and overstory dominance of shade-tolerant species that generate dense shading, moist and cool microclimates at and near the soil surface, and a relatively inflammable fuel bed.
Forest developing in chaparral is denser and more fir-enriched than the adjacent forest, similar to the understory that develops beneath a pine overstory following fire exclusion.
"The overstory trees that you have now won't be there.
It is ecologically dense.
Extremely fast, stacked, dense.
Dense yet permeable.
The underbrush was dense.
Undergrowth is dense.
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