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Figure 5 Implied volatility residuals computed as (pmb{sigma _{i} - hat{sigma}_{i}}), where (pmb{hat{sigma}_{i}}) denotes the values of estimated implied volatility.
Local surface type corresponds to shape index introduced by Koenderink and van Doorn [11] utilized in [6, 12, 13], which is basically a mapping of main curvatures into polar system, where angle denotes the surface type, and distance from origin denotes the values of the curvatures.
The objective of reconstructing text word co-occurrence matrix is as follows: begin{aligned} sum ^{|T|}_{i=1}sum ^{|V|}_{j=1}f(Y_{ij})(e(t_{i}) ^{T} e(w_{j}) + b^{t}_{i}+ b_{j}-mathrm{log}Y_{ij})^{2} end{aligned} (8 where (hbox {Y}_{ij}) denotes the values in text word co-occurrence matrix.
In Equation 7, x ij m denotes the values generated by the model according to Equation 1 whereas x ij denotes the synthetic data with experimental noise added.
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The dotted line denotes the value of 0.7.
In the table, the value T x denotes the value of a transmitted variable and R x denotes the value of a received variable.
where Random denotes a random integer value and aSlotTime denotes the value of one slot duration specified in IEEE 802.11.
({mathbf {h}_{i}^{t}}_{a} ) denotes the value of the ath partition in the histogram.
denotes the value of an input node and is an activation function.
From now on, denotes the value of at, that is, (2.14).
Let P(x i ) denotes the value of prior probabilities of X.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com