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DemPres it denotes the share of young people in the country of origin's working age population.
Notes: FGTo denotes the share of households with income below the low-income measure which equal to fifty percent of median income.
The explanatory variable MSEMA denotes the share of sales of firm i in Europe (including the markets of Middle East and Africa, which are still negligible in terms of size).
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where A r ∈ R + N × D r denotes the shared basis matrix for all segments {X(l),l=1,…,L}; A h ( l ) ∈ R + N × D h and E(l) denotes the individual matrix and the noise matrix for a given segment l, respectively.
We consider an economy with a labor force of size one with L low-skilledworkers earning wages w l and S = 1– L high-skilled workers earning wages w h.We defineθ = w l /w h.L denotes also the share of low-skilled workers.
Thus, there is at most one value of κ that satisfies this expression; λ*and κ* denote the shares that satisfy Eq. 11.
In Eq. 4, (s_{ib}) denotes the market share of commodity i among households (b = 1…5).
The external uptake rate for each substrate is expressed by v m (m = 1,2,.., ns) and were described as following: (2) v m = (β m · v s ) where the coefficient β (0 ≤ β m ≤ 1) denotes the relative share of the respective substrate m in the total substrate uptake flux v s (see Methods).
Here, not only denotes the time-sharing variable but also carries an additional information, that is, the change of the channel that is in use is part of the information transmission.
For estimation of hospital-insurer bargaining model, we constructed a dependent variable denoting the bargaining share of the hospital.
qquad Y_t^f =Aleft( {K_t^f }right) ^alpha left( {N_t^f}right) ^{1-alpha }k_t^{1-alpha },quad A>0 end{aligned}where (Y_t^f ) denotes output, (N_t^f ) denotes labor (in efficiency units), (K_t^f ) denotes physical capital, (alpha in (0,1)) denotes the capital income share, and (delta ) stands for the physical capital depreciation rate.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com