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where r ref denotes the reference range for matched filtering.
The white dot denotes the reference node which connects with its parent node via dashed line.
where Φ N ∈ ℝ denotes the reference head angle for the robot.
(1 where I x, y) denotes the current frame and R x, y) denotes the reference frame, respectively.
where X ( r ) = [ X 0 ( r ), X 1 ( r ), …, X N - 1 ( r ) ] denotes the reference constellation.
x i,q (i=1,2,⋯M,q=1,2,⋯,N) denotes the reference cell samples, where N is the number of reference cells.
Similar(39)
These are denoted the reference pixel and the neighbor pixel.
Let π f denote the reference frame index of frame f, 0≤π f ≤β−1.
Let I r (x,y) and I t (x,y) denote the reference and test image.
I dr and I qr denote the reference current components on the d-axis and the q-axis.
where and denote the reference image and fused image, respectively, is the joint gray level histogram of and, and are the normalized gray level histograms of and, and is the number of bins.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com