Throughout the rest of the paper, the constant denotes the bound of the embedding, that is, (5.24).
Since the measurement data of (g(t)) contain noises, the solutions have to be sought from the data function (g^{delta}(t)in L^{2}(mathbb{R})), which satisfy biglVert g-g^{delta}bigrVert leqdelta, (1.2) where the constant (delta>0) denotes a bound on the measurement error, and (Vert cdot Vert ) represents the (L^{2}(mathbb{R})) norm.
One of the binders, denoted Ec1, bound to EpCAM with picomolar affinity (Kd = 68 pM), and another selected DARPin (Ac2) recognized a different epitope on EpCAM.
The second was denoted as bound nutrients, representing proteins and other macromolecules which can be taken up and degraded by autophagy.
In these cells, most of Bad remains in the phosphorylated form (denoted Badp) bound to Scaffold14-3-3 Scaffold14-3-3 Scaffold14-3-3estered) by Bcl-xL[ 44].
where θ denotes the value of collected data, θ l denotes the lower bound, and θ u is the upper bound of the safe range.
where P 2 L, P 2 U denote the lower bound and upper bound of P 2, respectively.
where ({tilde R_{min }}) and ({tilde R_{max }}) denote the lower bound and upper bound of user data rate in the application layer.
where y ss (c3, I2, g1) denotes the I/O response of the synthetic genetic transistor circuit between input signal g1 and output signal g2, and g1e and g1 n denote the lower bound and upper bound of g1.
The green curve shows the smoothed estimate of the probability density function, while the red vertical line denotes the peak estimate and the blue vertical line denotes the lower bound estimate.
Here, we will consider a stochastic model, where the gene (DNA) can be in two discrete states: unbound (on), denoted by 0 or bound (off), denoted by 1.
