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E denotes the statistical expectation operator, vec denotes the vectorized form of a matrix which is obtained by stacking the columns of the matrix to form a long vector, and bdiag denotes block diagonal matrix.
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In addition, let B ^ t denote the initial modeled background frame and b ^ i, j t = B ^ iN + a, jN + b t : a, b = 0, 1, 2, …, N − 1, denote block (i,j) in B ^ t. Figure 1 The framework of the proposed video background initialization and foreground segmentation approach.
We use RBs as radio resources and they denote blocks of subcarriers in this article.
We do not use the same subscript to denote blocks of different contents (i.e., we always use new subscripts obtained by increasing (n) for new blocks).
The "blocking quotient" slider in our reporting seeks to characterize this observation: a wide red bar signifies a site blocked more frequently, while a narrower bar denotes intermittent blocking or blocking observed from relatively fewer locations within China.
The shorthand notation (operatorname{diag}{ M_{1}, M_{2}, ldots, M_{n}}) denotes a block diagonal matrix with diagonal blocks being the matrices (M_{1},M_{2}, ldots, M_{n}).
Here clustered-sparse means nonzero coefficients occurring in only few of the sub-blocks, x c,l (l = 1,2,…,M), can be viewed as a sub-block which L denotes the blocks number.
R i denotes range block.
diag denotes the block diagonal matrix.
Here, s i, k denotes a block of k contiguous samples of s starting from the ith index.
E1 denotes the block space of height equal to the placed rectangle height and width as W-place rectangle width.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com