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It is a world with its own jargon (A.F.C., for example, denotes an Average Frustrated Chump, P.U.A. a Pickup Artist) and luminaries known by pseudonyms like Mystery, Juggler and Formhandle.
"A" refers to the weighting of sounds in ranges audible to humans, while "Leq-10 s" denotes an average intensity derived from the 10 seconds of the sound's duration.
MAOD without the subscript i denotes an average of the MAOD i over a part or the complete image data set.
In particular, if a CCO− clone has a total of n(t) functional stem cells at time t, the mean-square change in cell number is predicted to vary linearly with time as 〈 n(T + t) − n(T)〉 T = 2 λt, where the "diffusion constant," λ, defines the functional stem cell loss/replacement rate, and 〈…〉 T denotes an average over time.
The averaging bracket 〈 Q i j m (X ) 〉 b denotes an average of the triangle elongation in state X over all triangles m that are assigned to box b in state X with area weights from state X, where X ∈ { O n, I1, I2, I3, O n + 1}: (35) 〈 Q i j m (X ) 〉 b = 1 A X ∑ m A X m Q i j m (X ).
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From the above, it is possible to define M E : = ∑ i ∈ I e p i M i where M E denotes an averaged transition matrix, and its role will be seen below.
The angular brackets, denote an average over a unit sphere The variables in the displacement gradient tensor, x and are indexed by a Cartesian coordinate system attached to the particle.
With these averages and standard deviations, z-scores for each category are calculated as below: The μ(c) and σ(c) denote an average number and standard deviation of category c obtained from the randomization.
To analyze the temperature-driven phase separation of the membrane, we calculated the cumulant U 1 = [ x 2 ] / [ | x | ] 2, where the square brackets denote an average over all pixel values x in the image.
where (Ave(cdot,cdot),mathbf {HFM}_{i},mathbf {HFM}_{j},widetilde {mathbf {SPN}}_{i}), and (widetilde {mathbf {SPN}}_{j}) denote an averaging operation based on the number of frames that are used in the SPN estimation (including SPN merging), the HFMs and the high-frequency-component-free SPNs that correspond to (widehat {mathbf {SPN}}_{i}) and (widehat {mathbf {SPN}}_{j}), respectively.
S is a function of the equilibrium distribution of orientations of the interaction tensor in an internal reference frame: 3in which Y2 m are spherical harmonic functions and ⟨⟩ denotes an ensemble average over the probability distribution that the principal axis of the tensor is oriented with angles Ω =.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com