Again, to describe the SNR of different SUs and channels, we use {i,j} to denote a combination of channel j and SU i who senses this channel.
To describe the SNR of different SUs and channels, we use {i,j} to denote a combination of channel j and SU i who senses this channel.
where ψ ̂ i ℓ n p denotes the phase of the CPSD, and ψ i ℓ 0 n p denotes the expected phase for a combination of pitch f0 and DOA φ.
where denotes a linear combination of -fold brackets in and with coefficients in the ring.
The first objective is assisted by computing a velocity component, denoted by vk,m,i, through a combination of the intermediate velocity vectors of other uninformed bees and the velocity vectors of informed bees.
The first objective is assisted by computing a velocity component, denoted by vk,m,i, through a combination of the current velocity and a vector pointing approximately toward w°, namely, v k, m, i = ( 1 - λ ) v k, i - 1 + λ s max ( ψ k, i - x k, i ) ψ k, i - x k, i (17).
The name Karstjäger was derived from a combination of Karst, denoting the region of operations, and Jäger, the German military term for light infantry.
The following three scenarios were considered: training and validation on data from 1) the same institution (denoted as intra-lab validation); 2) a combination of the same and other institutions (cross-lab validation); and 3) separate institutions (inter-lab validation).
