Where y i and ( {hat{y}}_i ) denote field reference AGB and predicted AGB for plot i, respectively, and ( overline{mathrm{y}} ) denotes mean field reference AGB for all plots.
The first model, denoted as "field only", was constructed by considered the Swarm data from three single satellites, whereas the second model, denoted as "field plus gradient", was constructed by explicit use of the constellation aspect of Swarm by using magnetic gradient information with SIVW.
The spike train elicited stable postsynaptic responses, which drastically increased to 400 to 500% of control values during periods of place field activity (n = 5, Figure 1C to E, red circles denote place field responses).
Mathematically, the equation of motion of an electron in a uniform field is given by in which e is the electron charge 1.60 × 10−19 coulombs, E denotes the field in volts per metre, m is the electron mass 9.109 × 10−31 kilogram, and dv/dt denotes the rate of change of velocity, which is the electron's acceleration.
The ancient Greeks had a class of physicians who were called "horse-doctors," and the Latin term for the specialty, veterinarius ("pertaining to beast of burden"), came to denote the field in modern times.
Let denote the field of reals,, and.
Here, (mathbb{C} ) denotes the field of complex numbers.
Let (mathbb{F}_{2}) denote the field with two elements.
In general, we use the notation C to denote the field of complex numbers.
In what follows (mathfrak{F}(f)) denotes the field of small functions relative to (f z)).
