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Valid prevalence estimates depend upon accurate numerators (number of cases) and denominators (population at risk).
Moreover, referral rates are calculated with different denominators, population (list size) or consultations.
The implication of our findings is that there is urgent need to harmonize the terminology used in studies on maternal morbidity and maternal near misses as well as the denominators (population, total births or live births) used to estimate indicators.
Four core (antenatal corticosteroids, neonatal resuscitation, treatment of serious neonatal infections, kangaroo mother care) and one additional coverage indicator for newborns at risk or with complications (chlorhexidine cord cleansing) lack indicator definitions or data, especially for denominators (population in need).
Fourth, we examined indicators employed in the reports to determine whether different indicators were used in different sectors to measure and quantify road traffic injuries, as we hypothesized that the health and transport sectors may measure deaths and crashes with different denominators (population and distance traveled, respectively).
Considering the cases of sepsis identified during the study period, annual population-based mortality rates were calculated using as denominators population estimates provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics with the 2010 census age-stratified population as the standard.
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Disease mappers should exercise considerable caution in selecting the denominator population for mapping.
The restrictiveness of our definition protects the internal validity of our analysis since any undercounting applies to both the numerator (hospitalization counts) and the denominator (population counts).
Estimates of incidence are thus hampered by the lack of a denominator population for many studies of severe outcomes.
The issue of defining the correct denominator population can never be completely resolved, but it is essential to realize how the obtained estimate relates to other situations [8].
Although this is not consistent with the denominator population of the National Pneumonia Project, a medical record data element is used in the chart abstraction model to determine if pneumonia was present on admission; this was not feasible based on claims.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com