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Genital warts were defined as the presence of painless exophytic (raised) growths on the internal or external genitalia, perineum, or perianal region with histopathologic changes characteristic of human papillomavirus infection in specimens obtained by biopsy or exfoliative cytology or demonstration of virus by antigen or nucleic acid detection in a lesion biopsy.
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There was no demonstration of BK virus infection by kidney biopsy, and there were no graft losses due to BK virus infection over 12 months of follow-up in either cohort.
IHC studies permitted demonstration of the virus in the context of histopathology.
Confirmation is by demonstration of the virus in samples sent to a laboratory.
Chronic B19 infection-related PRCA is a treatable anaemia and demonstration of the virus DNA in blood by the polymerase chain reaction or dot-blot hybridization assays is essential.
It is used most frequently in reference laboratories to obtain a rapid diagnosis, as isolation in cell culture and demonstration of the virus by adsorption of red blood cells or cell damage (cytolysis) usually takes several days.
More recently, PCR methods have allowed direct demonstration of B-virus infection without the risk of working with virus cultures (9, 34, 35 ).
Although the detection of viruses in insectivores has been largely incidental or accidental, demonstration of Borna disease virus in brain tissues of the bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) (34 ) suggests that insectivores may play a greater role in the ecology of zoonotic diseases than previously appreciated.
This mode of transmission was based on the demonstration of cell-free virus in unborn fetuses and placental tissue of calving wildebeest.
Evidence that HPV is involved in the pathogenesis of clinical disease requires the demonstration of transcriptionally active virus in lesional cells.
Oral hairy leukoplakia had a low prevalence in this study, (5.5%, n = 19) probably due to the fact that definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of Epstein- Barr virus, which wasn't conducted in this study and might have been a source of potential misclassification.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com