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In this case, the convergence demonstration of single agent Q-learning [18] does not hold.
However, this issue deserves further research, as the lipid bilayer deposition chemistry can most likely be tuned and optimized much further than our initial proof of concept demonstration of single ion channel sensing with graphene.
Since the first demonstration of single molecule FRET [30] there have been a number of studies on a wide range of bio-molecular systems that include: the oligomerization of membrane proteins in a living cell [31,32]; protein folding [33 37]; protein conformational changes [38 44]; RNA folding and catalysis [45 55]; DNA structural dynamics [25,55 60]; and DNA-protein interactions [61 64].
Since the first demonstration of single molecule detection by Nie et al. and Kneipp et al. in 1997, the salt or evaporation-induced aggregation of colloidal Au or Ag nanoparticles in liquids or the Langmuir Blodgett assembly of nanoparticles on substrates have been widely used as convenient methods for creating Raman hot spots.
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We present the first demonstration of single-walled carbon nanotube growth from liquid gallium and indium catalysts.
In this context, the demonstration of single-photon emission provides unambiguous evidence of recombination from a two-level-like system, therefore, supporting the previous explanation.
The first demonstration of single-molecule detection with Raman spectroscopy dates back to 1997 - that was accomplished using SERS enhancement from metal nanoparticles on single rhodamine 6G molecules at room temperature [117].
Demonstrations of single-atom transistors date from 2002, but the researchers from Purdue and New South Wales said they had made advances on two fronts: in the precision with which they placed the Lilliputian switch; and in the use of industry-standard techniques to build the circuitry, making it possible to read and write information from the tiniest conceivable switch.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a single chromosomal Y. pestis factor that is essential for development of both bubonic and pneumonic plague.
In addition, these results are the first demonstration of a single gene that can pleiotropically and harmoniously change both secondary sexual characters and mating preferences.
As an demonstration of a single gene investigation in Autworks, here we show a Mendelian syndrome which shares phenotypic traits with autism spectrum disorder.
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